Many cat owners have heard of catnip and its amusing effect on felines, but not everyone understands what kind of plant it is or the science behind its impact on cat behavior and mood.
If you’ve ever wondered what catnip actually is, how it works, or whether it’s safe for your furry friend, keep reading. We’ll break down everything you need to know about this fascinating plant.
Understanding Catnip
What Is Catnip?
Catnip (Nepeta cataria) is a safe and non-toxic herbaceous plant of the mint family (Lamiaceae), native to Europe and Asia but naturalized worldwide. It can reach heights of 3 feet, bearing jagged, heart-shaped leaves and clusters of white or lavender flowers. Humans have historically brewed Catnip tea for their calming properties and natural insect repellent. The most famous is nepetalactone, which has a euphoric effect on cats. Catnip grows best in full sunlight with well-drained soil, so it is simple to grow in home gardens.
What Is Catnip Made Of?
Some bioactive components of Catnip are:
- Nepetalactone: A volatile iridoid compound that attaches to cats’ olfactory receptors.
- Terpenes (citronellol, geraniol): For its minty scent and insect-repellent qualities.
- Antioxidants (rosmarinic acid, extract of flavonoids): Provide anti-inflammation benefits for humans. According to a study published in the journal Molecules in 2021, nepetalactone makes up to 90% of the essential oils contained in the plant, which means it’s the main component responsible for a cat’s reaction (NIH).
What is catnip used for cats?
Enrichment & Play: Stimulates playful behavior – rolling, chasing, pouncing.
Training Aid: Encourages scratching posts, toys, and beds.
Stress Relief: Helps some cats relax in stressful situations.
Appetite Boost: May increase interest in food.
Mechanism: It contains nepetalactone, which affects sensory neurons via smell. Effects last ~10–15 min.
How Long Does Catnip Last?
How long Catnip lasts varies with its form and how it’s stored. If stored in an airtight container in a cool, dark place, dried Catnip will maintain its potency for 6–12 months; fresh Catnip lasts up to 2–3 weeks in the refrigerator. Light, heat, or exposure to moisture speeds up degradation so that it loses its signature minty smell. An expired catnip will have a dull smell and will not react to your cat. For the best shelf life, freeze fresh leaves; dry them in batches and fill them with silica gel packets. In humid climates, regularly check stored Catnip for mould.
Growing and Using Catnip
How to Grow Catnip Plant at Home?
Freeze seeds overnight, then soak in water for one day. Plant in well-draining soil with drainage holes. Place in a sunny location. Water once daily. Sprouts appear in 1-2 weeks. Harvest fresh leaves or dry them for later use. Dry leaves can be rubbed on toys or scratching posts.
How Cats React to Catnip
What Does Catnip Do to Cats?
Catnip includes nepetalactone, an oil in its foliage that changes a cat’s behavior when smelled. Cats sense this compound through the vomeronasal organ, a small gland in the roof of their mouth. This organ sends signals to the brain, sometimes triggering sniffing, licking, hyperactivity, or stinky facial expressions. Lasts 10 minutes and is harmless, though not all cats respond genetically.
Why Do Cats Roll in Catnip?
Rolling produces more nepetalactone, amplifying the high. It is very much reminiscent of pheromone-seeking behaviors, such as those seen during sexual encounters. Cats might also rub their faces together to spread the smell, a scent that repulses other insects such as mosquitoes. The response is usually 10–15 minutes, followed by a 1–2-hour refractory period.
Effects of Catnip on Cats – Clam or Crezy?
Catnip triggers a strong reaction in many cats due to nepetalactone, a compound that mimics feline pheromones. When exposed, cats may rub, roll, become hyperactive, or show playful behavior, followed by a relaxed state. Not all cats respond; only 50-75% are affected. Some may become overexcited or aggressive. The effects are temporary and harmless.
Does Catnip Help Calm Anxious Cats?
Yes, catnip can calm some anxious cats, but its effects vary by individual. About 50-70% of cats react to catnip, and while many become playful or energetic, others may enter a relaxed, mellow state.
How Catnip Works for Anxiety
Nepetalactone Magic: The active compound in catnip binds to cats’ olfactory receptors, triggering a response similar to pheromones. This can mimic a “natural high,” distracting them from stress.
Post-Play Sedation: After the initial 10-15 minutes of hyperactivity, some cats crash into a calm, sleepy state—ideal for anxiety relief.
Alternative to Synthetic Calmers: Unlike prescription sedatives, catnip is non-addictive and safe for occasional use.
Is Catnip Safe? Age & Health Guidelines
Can Cats Safely Eat Catnip?
Yes, felines can safely consume Catnip, although they don’t need to experience its effects. The chemical ingredient in Catnip, known as nepetalactone, mainly takes effect when cats smell Catnip, stimulating playful or euphoric behaviors through their vomeronasal organ. Catnip may cause mild digestive upset (e.g., vomiting or diarrhea), but it’s not considered toxic if eaten in small amounts. Most cats instinctively sniff, lick, or roll in Catnip rather than consume it.
At What Age Can Kittens Safely Use Catnip?
Short Answer: Kittens can technically try catnip as early as 6–8 weeks old, but most won’t react to it until 3–6 months of age when they reach sexual maturity. Catnip sensitivity is genetic, and younger kittens often lack the developed receptors to respond.
Why Age Matters for Catnip Response
Neurological Development:
Catnip’s active compound (nepetalactone) binds to a cat’s olfactory system, which matures around 3–6 months.
Kittens under 3 months may ignore it or show mild curiosity.
Genetic Factors:
30–50% of cats lack the “catnip gene” entirely and will never react, regardless of age.
Is Catnip Safe for Pregnant Cats?
Do not give Catnip to pregnant cats. Because nepetalactone can also trigger uterine contractions, this poses a risk of preterm labor. Post-pregnancy, it’s safe for nursing cats but will not work on kittens younger than 3 months. Ask your vet for stress-relief alternatives that can be used during gestation, like pheromone diffusers or quiet spaces.
Catnip and Other Animals
Is Catnip Safe or Effective for Dogs?
Catnip is safe and non-toxic for dogs, but its effects vary for cats. When cats become hyper, dogs tend to get mellow, as nepetalactone is a relaxant. Small doses (⅛–½ tsp) sprinkled over food may calm anxiety or enhance sleep. Do not overconsume; too much of it can lead to temporary upset in the stomach. Always check with your vet before giving Catnip, especially if you have a dog on sedatives. The play is safe, but supervised play is essential to avoid choking hazards.
Can Kittens Have Catnip?
Kittens can interact with Catnip safely, but won’t respond until 3–6 months old. Recommended to use less to avoid overstimulation. Monitor for vomiting or diarrhea, which is rare. Choose cat toys without Catnip for young kittens to prevent accidental ingestion.
Catnip for Human Use
Can Humans Eat Catnip or Drink Catnip Tea?
Yes, humans can eat catnip. It’s safe in small amounts, most often used as a calming herbal tea. Catnip may help with relaxation, sleep, and digestion. It does not cause the same playful effects in humans as it does in cats. Eating too much catnip can cause headaches or stomach upset. Pregnant women, children, and people with certain health conditions should avoid it. In summary, catnip is edible and safe for most adults in moderation.
Health Benefits of Catnip Tea You Should Know
Catnip tea helps humans with the following:
Sleep Aid / Stimulator: Harnessing natural sedative properties to promote restful sleep
Irritate March: Reduces bloating, cramps
Anxiety Reduction: Mild tranquilizing effect. Infuse 1–2 tsp dried leaves in hot water for 5 minutes. Do not use if pregnant or allergic to mint.
Does Catnip Get Humans High?
No, Catnip won’t get humans high. When made as a tea, it can be mildly relaxing or helpful for digestion. We do not recommend smoking catnip, as it is associated with respiratory risks and no proven benefits. Historically, it’s been used in herbal medicine; it’s safe in moderation, but you should avoid it during pregnancy.
